Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 961 Words

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder dates back to the war days. Although having this disorder was never documented it was seen in many soldiers during and after the war. The disorder didn’t have an official title. It was known as â€Å"shell shock†, â€Å"exhaustion† and â€Å"battle fatigue.† The disorder affected many soldiers during wars, not only physically but also their reputation. Many soldiers would have emotional breakdowns due to the disorder and some would flee the front lines. These actions would be the reason for the labels such as cowards, or too weak to handle the front lines. Among the first to identify and group behaviors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder were the Swiss military in 1678. Military physicians in the American Civil War were unable to treat soldiers with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms so many of them were discharged with the reason being cowardice and lack of discipline. The disorder wasn’t identified and accepted u ntil 1905 by the Russian army who made the first connection of mental illness with the stress war has on a person. In WWI Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms were continuously viewed as weakness and those who had the symptoms were cowards. Due to the ignorance of the mental illness some of these soldiers were executed for their actions. The Vietnam War had the largest number of veterans affected. For decades the disorder wasn’t acknowledge for the effects it has on an individual. After studying andShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 Pages Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the war are homeless. About

Environmental Hazards and Toxicity-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Hazards and Toxicity. Answer: Introduction Weather is becoming warmer and warmer, throughout the world, because of the increasing ambient temperature and the resultant global warming. The condition of the workers in the weather that is humid and hotter increases the heat stress risk, especially, for those, who are working in open and no shaded surfaces. Hence, additional care has to be taken care for the open place working workers, to ensure safe working conditions and hazardless environment. The risk assessment for the heat stress is developed for ensuring safe working conditions, by ensuring them to prevent the workers from any possibilities of developing the heat stress. Heat Stress Heat is generated, basically within the body itself and also gets acquired from the environment, externally. The extra heat generated in the body is lost from the body, by the attempts of sweat evaporation from the surface of the skin. If the body is cold, excess heat is generated through shivering. Heat stress is the result of heat accumulation exceeding the bodys ability for removing this excess heat. Core temperature is maintained by a human body and it is done in a range that is very narrow. When this limit is exceeded, failure of the vital organs will be resulted and eventually, the human may die after becoming unconscious. The mechanism of the main human body is losing the heat that is in excess, through sweat evaporation. The sweat evaporation causes to lose only water, so that much heat is not lost, from the body (WSH, 2010). Sweat evaporation involves the process of changes of sweat from the state of liquid to gas. More sweat evaporation is done for the lower moisture content of the air, relatively and when the moisture content is high, less evaporation gets occurred, in high relative humidity. When the physical work is intense, more than one litre of sweat or liquid can be lost, in an hour, in the form of sweating. In case, the loss of this body fluid is in larger amounts, through the sweating process, the result would be dehydration and it results in blood circulation impairment and also the body temperature regulation. So, replacement of water should be done through frequent drinking of water for maintaining adequate hydration, so that the mechanism of sweating of human functions optimally. Risks Though continuous intake of water is done, in the heat, there is a possibility of the heat stress, since the body continuously tries to remove the heat that is excess. The syndromes of the heat stress are heat cramps, heat stroke and heat exhaustion. Heat Cramps This earliest sign is the muscle tonic contraction symptom of cramping in the legs. It is usually, because of the electrolyte and fluid losses from huge sweating and happens after heavy physical work. The treatment for this is replacing electrolytes and fluid and taking rest. Heat Stroke Heat stoke occurs, when extra heat was unable to remove, because of increase of core temperature. It results in inability to talk, become unconscious and lose functions of bowel and bladder and may fail the seating mechanism. It may damage the vital body organs, like kidney, brain, liver. If it not treated in time, it may result in death. The treatment is to alert the workers and first aiders. Immediate attention must be sought by the worker, if he or she feels dizzy, unwell, painful cramps, headache or if anyone collapses. The body has to be cooled, preferably in an air conditioned area, sponge with water, after, removing cloths and then fanning. Circulation has to be restored and legs are to be elevated one foot above the ground. Then ambulance has to be called for sending to the hospital. Heat Exhaustion It occurs, when the electrolytes and water are lost from the body, as it effects the flow of blood to the vital organs. The symptoms are dizziness, feeling weak or even fainting, vision blurring, headaches and abdominal pain. Sweat is continued and body temperature is higher. The treatment would be electrolytes and fluids replacement, cooling the body and physical activity cessation (WSH, 2010). Then move the person to the area of air-condition or cooler place, sponge down after removing cloths, wet with cloth or towel and fan. Elevate the legs to above one foot above teh ground. Risks Associated The heat stress, if increased to an extent of uncontrollable condition could result into the heat stroke development. And the consequences of the heat stress would be serious. WSH Factors of Heat Stress in the Workplace There are three important factors that contribute the heat stress in the site, of the company (WSH, 2012). Factors, related to the personal workers, such as acclimatisation, hydration, general health condition, age, alcohol consumption, diabetes, immune suppression, obesity and other medical conditions Nature or type of work, such as rate of work, work load, cloths worn, type of work Environment of work, such as humidity, temperature, ventilation Companys Responsibility Heat stress and the resulting heat stroke would have serious conditions and hence, the management and other stakeholders have to take important measurements of minimizing the risk of the heat stress, as they are responsible to act under (Workplace Safety and Health) Act. Regulations of WSH, Singapore, risk management need conducting the risk assessment by the workplaces, so that measures are taken for reducing and eliminating the risks. It demands acclimatization of the workers in the local conditions of weather, before the operations begin (WSH, 2010). Since, the workers are planned to arrive two weeks prior to the operations, the two weeks time has to be utilized in such a way that they get acclimatized to the conditions of the local weather. (Stephan Constantin, 2012) Risk Assessment Specifics Against the heat stress Against the open working Against work load According to WSH, Singapore Recommendations Preventive Actions and Measures It is important that the risk assessment includes the following measurements to be taken, so that maximum risk of the heat stress can be prevented (Hale Ytehus, 2004). Provide polyolefine coveralls to all the workers and set its wet bulb global temperature to 29,50 Temporary shelters have to be arranged within the site, so resting is possible, during shorter and regular periods. All the workers have to go through Construction Safety Orientation Course to be aware of the heat stress issues. Change the timings of total 8 or 10 hours of working, in such a way that the first 4 or 5 hours are allocated from early in the morning and finish the first half, earlier. And second half should be started just four hours before the light fails (WSH, 2013). So, lunch break should be given between 11AM to 3PM. It is possible, since all the workers are accommodated by the company. The accommodation is recommended to be maintained closer to the site, so that they can have enough time to sleep, during the night, without wasting time much in travel. It should ensure that the temperature should not be exceeding 290C and the relative humidity to 85%, according to the WSH Act (WSH, 2010). Breaks to be given after every 1 hour of working for fluid intake. Lemon water can improve the stamina to work in the hotter weather, with less exhaustive nature. Conduct outdoor activities for the workers during the two weeks prior to the beginning of work, towards acclimatisation. Maintain an AC room near the workplace. Make the cool drinking and sports drinking water closer to the workers and also ensure that the workers have 500 ml water, every hour. First aid equipment and necessary materials. First aider and doctor to be present always in the site, during The companys park construction comes under Heat Stress 2, since the workers work under sun. Initially, the workload has to be 2 days and should be gradually increased. Requisites The company is requested to provide the following equipment, infrastructure and the necessary budget. Equipment, infrastructure, Material and Others Sports drinking water, supplied closer to every part of the operational site. One air conditioned room to accommodate the workers to rest for a while, before and after the shift and in case of any heat strokes. Temporary Shades WBGT Monitor First aid First aider Doctor close to the site Contact numbers of ambulance, hospital Risk supervisor Other facilities Budget Request The budget required - S.No. Facility Budget in USD 1 Sports drinking water 500 2 One air conditioned room 1000 3 WBGT Monitor 100 4 Temporary Shades 100 5 First aid 50 6 First aider 1000 7 Doctor close to the site 1500 8 Risk Supervisor 1500 9 Polyolefine Coveralls 1000 10 Other facilities 250 The total budget required is = 7000 USD Evaluation Measures Ensure personal fitness enough to work in construction of the park, before appointment of the worker. Conduct medical test after one week of the initiation of the work, to ensure the acclimatisation of the workers. Ensure checklist of the risk assessment factors to be verified, every day, before the shift begins. Report to Company The parking construction project is carried in the open sun, with no shade and so the risk assessment, risk factors and recommendations, along with the budget are provided in the report. It is requested to provide the recommended facilities, according to the WSH Act. Conclusion Risk assessment has been performed after a detailed exploration of heat stress, its causes, factors and treatments. Risk assessment is performed to prevent the accidents and hazards and the recommendations are provided in the report. References WSH Council, 2010, Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines: Managing Heat Stress in the Workplace, Workplace Safety and Health Council. WSH Council, 2012, Code of Practice on Workplace Safety and Health Risk Management Workplace Safety and Health Council. WSH Council, 2013, Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines Statutory Medical Examination Workplace Safety and Health Council. WSH Council, 2008, Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines Healthcare Workplace Safety and Health Council. WSHC, 2008, Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines - Hotels, Food and Beverage, Workplace Safety and Health Council. 2006, Occupational Safety and Health Management System, Fanning, F. E., 2003, Basic Safety Administration A Handbook for the New Safety Specialist, American Society of Safety Engineers, Chicago Ladou, Joseph, 2006,Current Occupational Environmental Medicine,4th ed. McGraw-Hill Professional.. Roughton, James, 2002,Developing an Effective Safety Culture: A Leadership Approach, 1st ed. Butterworth-Heinemann Stephan, Constantin, 2012, Industrial Health, Safety and Environmental Management, 3rd edition, epubli, Berlin. Hale A, Ytehus I, 2004, Changing requirements for the safety profession: roles and tasks, Journal of Occupational Health Safety, Australia and New Zealand Della, Giustina, Daniel, E. 2000, Developing a Safety and Health Program, Lewis Publishers, New York